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السلام عليكم
بنات انا حدددددي متوهقه ماخذه مقدمه في الادب عند عبدالسلام بهبهاني ومن ثاني محاضره طلب منا essayعن iron in two friends طيب اهو ما علمنا شلون نسوي الاسي
وانا مو فاهمه شنو يعني الايروني ولا عطانا تدريبات عليها
تكفون بنات ساعدوني بليز سواء اللي معاي الحين ولا اللي ماخذين من زمان هالماده الله يجزاكم خيررررر
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متأكدة من السبلنغ ؟
والقصه اسمها two friends
أو الشخصيات في القصه تشجع على شي معين لكن هم مايطبقونه على نفسهم
أو اي شي تلاحظينه يكون عكس كلام الشخصيات أو القصه أو شغله تصير غير متوقعه هذا كله يندرج تحت الـ irony
Irony : is a literary or rhetorical device, in which there is a gap or incongruity between what a speaker or a writer says and what is generally understood (either at the time, or in the later con**** of history) .
Irony may also arise from a discordance between acts and results, especially if it is striking, and seen by an outside audience.
Irony is understood as an aesthetic evaluation by an audience, which relies on a sharp discordance between the real and the ideal, and which is variously applied to ****s, speech, events, acts, and even fashion. All the different senses of irony revolve around the perceived notion of an incongruity, or a gap between an understanding of reality, or expectation of a reality, and what actually happens.
The connection between irony and humour is somewhat revealed when an expected result of an action does not occur but is instead a surprise that startles us into laughter. However, not all irony is humorous: “grim irony” and “stark irony” are familiar.
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— Types of irony —
Most modern theories of rhetoric distinguish between three types of irony:
verbal, dramatic and situational.
– Verbal irony: is a disparity of expression and intention
when a speaker says one thing but means another, or when a literal meaning is contrary to its intended effect .
An example of this is sarcasm.
– Dramatic (and tragic) irony : is a disparity of expression and awareness
when words and actions possess a significance that the listener or audience understands, but the speaker or actor does not.
– Situational irony : is the disparity of intention and result
when the result of an action is contrary to the desired or expected one.
— Dramatic irony —
Dramatic irony is the device of giving the spectator an item of information that at least one of the characters in the narrative is unaware of (at least consciously), thus placing the spectator a step ahead of at least one of the characters.
Dramatic irony has three stages – installation, exploitation and resolution (often also called preparation, suspension and resolution) – producing dramatic conflict in what one character relies or appears to rely upon, the contrary of which is known by observers (especially the audience; sometimes to other characters within the drama) to be true.
* Examples :
– In City Lights the audience knows that Charlie Chaplin’s character is not a millionaire, but the blind flower girl (Virginia Cherill) is unaware and believes he’s rich.
– In North by Northwest, the audience knows that Roger Thornhill (Cary Grant) is not Kaplan; Vandamm (James Mason) and his acolytes do not. The audience also knows that Kaplan is a fictitious agent invented by the CIA; Roger and Vandamm do not.
– In I am the Cheese. the reader knows that Adam is in a mental hospital, and that he was in a car crash, but Adam does not.
* Tragic irony :
Tragic irony is a special category of dramatic irony.
In tragic irony, the words and actions of the characters contradict the real situation, which the spectators fully realize.
– For example :
In the William Shakespeare play Romeo and Juliet, when Romeo finds Juliet in a drugged death-like sleep, he assumes her to be dead and kills himself. Upon awakening to find her dead lover beside her, Juliet kills herself with his dagger.